Shrub-like begonias, a diverse group comprising around 350 species primarily from Central and South America, present a captivating and variable collection of plants ranging from miniature wonders to towering giants. Their unique growth habit, characterised by multiple shoots emerging from the soil, gives them the name “shrub-like.” Despite their variability, these begonias are hardy, versatile, and, when properly cared for, can be highly rewarding additions to gardens.
Physical Characteristics:
One of the challenges in identifying shrub-like begonias lies in their variability. These plants can vary greatly in size, with some reaching up to an impressive 12 feet in height. The leaves, too, showcase diversity, ranging from smooth and shiny to hairy or felted. Under optimal conditions, certain varieties can boast leaves up to 24 inches in length, adding to the visual appeal of these plants.
Growth Pattern:
Unlike the bamboo-like shoots of cane-like begonias, shrub-like begonias exhibit a multi-stemmed growth pattern. This characteristic and their propensity to bush out and form compact plants when pruned and pinched distinguishes them within the begonia family.
Flowering Habits:
While shrub-like begonias generally do not bloom as frequently or abundantly as their cane-like counterparts, some varieties are everblooming and find widespread use as bedding plants. The flowers of most shrub-like begonias are white, though pink and red varieties are also prevalent. Notably, many of these plants produce hairy flowers, enhancing their ornamental value.
Classification and Classes:
The vast group of shrub-like begonias is divided into several classes based on leaf characteristics. These classes include hairy-leaved, bare-leaved (further categorized by leaf size), distinctive foliage, and miniature/dwarf varieties. Each class presents its own set of unique features, making the shrub-like begonias a rich and diverse family.
Growing Conditions:
Shrub-like begonias thrive in semi-shaded conditions, particularly the hairy-leaf types. However, hybrids with tougher leaves, influenced by the Semperflorens background, can tolerate full sun. With a temperature preference ranging from 11º C to 22º C, these plants are relatively undemanding in terms of humidity, requiring around 40%. Distinctive foliage types may benefit from higher humidity or shaded environments.
Care and Maintenance:
Maintaining shrub-like begonias involves practices similar to other begonia varieties. Employing an open potting mix, watering when the top 1cm to 2cm of soil is dry, and regular fertilization during active growth are key aspects of their care routine. Light pruning and the removal of woody growth contribute to the bushy and full appearance of these plants.
Propagation:
Stem cuttings are the preferred method for propagating shrub-like begonias. Placing several stems in each pot facilitates propagation and enhances the resulting plants’ aesthetic appeal. While leaf cuttings are generally not recommended, some distinctive leaf types may successfully propagate through this method. It’s essential to note that seeds will only yield true offspring when sourced from species stock.
Begonia Society of Western Australia 